中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
《勇敢的翅膀》:人物成长与家国情怀同频共振******
作者:张德祥(中国文艺评论家协会副主席)
在湖南卫视播出的现实军旅剧《勇敢的翅膀》,给荧屏带来一种特殊的青春气息。作为国内首部以空军轰炸航空兵战斗生活为题材、以K型机改装为背景的长篇电视剧,该剧表现军人的故事,军人的风采,令人眼前一亮,视野大开。
在题材上将“军旅”与“成长”融合,是《勇敢的翅膀》的一大特色。作为轰炸机飞行员,肩负特殊使命。特殊使命需要特殊人才。特殊人才是怎样锻造出来的?该剧讲述新一代飞行员的成长过程。主人公秦朗个性强,不盲目随大溜,凡事要经过认真思考。这种性格在纪律严明的军队中显得有些不合群。由一开始被淘汰到成为优秀的轰炸机飞行员,他的成长经过了一系列磨炼。比如,秦朗为找专家违规开车,路上救人,却被误认为是撞人者。这是对他的一种“信任”考验,也是促使部队领导进一步认识他的过程。还有飞行中突发“特情”,他的女朋友谈小雅的“间谍”嫌疑等,在一次次考验中,他奠定了信任与忠诚的基石,练就了不为困难和挫折压倒的坚定意志,最终使坚强个性与纪律性达成一致,使坚定意志与忠诚信任达成一致,把个人才情融入军队的现代化建设之中。谈小雅的成长过程也是如此。她经历了诸多挫折,但初心不改,发挥技术特长,为提高轰炸机的电子对抗能力尽职尽责。可见,新一代青年人在部队的锻炼成长,不仅有先进的科技知识武装,更有思想品质和军人素质的锤炼,从而折射出我军新时代现代化建设的风貌。
围绕男女主人公的成长过程,与主人公搭配工作的角色也是饶有趣味。作为机长,也是秦朗上级,丰雷作风正派、纪律严明,与秦朗多次发生冲突,甚至严厉训责。但严师出高徒,二人由开始的情绪对立,到真正相互了解彼此,终于找到了问题症结。丰雷为了解决秦朗“特情”处理上的问题,从心理入手,对症施策。而与丰雷形成鲜明对比的是电子对抗旅刘队长,作为谈小雅的上级,刘队长深谙部队规则,事事请示,时时请示,看起来遵守规则,实则是不担责任。谈小雅帮助功勋团侦查干扰电台,刘队长认为这不是我们的本职工作,也不符合工作程序。但当谈小雅的工作得到功勋团的肯定,收到感谢函,刘队长又因感谢函上没有自己的名字而恼羞成怒。这个形象很有典型价值和镜鉴意义,他最大的错误就是在其位而不担其责,没有创造性开展工作。同样都穿着军装,怎样才是优秀的军人,看的是格局、品质、境界。要飞翔,就必须有勇敢的翅膀。此外,剧中出场的其他人物如陈团长、叶教导员、杨政委、吴汉等,也都有血有肉,真实生动,体现了我军的军人风采和军民鱼水情。
“真实”也是观众网友评价《勇敢的翅膀》时的高频词,创作团队深入一线部队实地采访,从轰炸机航空兵的生活中汲取鲜活素材,创作过程历经6年。剧中不乏精彩作战演习场面,如低空飞行钻山谷、突破雷达监视实施临空轰炸、空中停车重大险情等。观众身临其境地跟随剧情走进军营,了解轰炸机航空兵这一群体的工作,直观感受改革强军取得的成就。可以说,《勇敢的翅膀》推动了军旅题材范畴细分深化,实现了创作边界的多向度探索。
军旅剧,带有军人的阳刚之气,能振奋士气民心,是民族精神的一种具象体现和审美升华。贯彻新时代党的强军思想,讲好新时代军旅故事,展现中国军人的风采,是文艺创作的题中应有之义。从这个角度看,电视剧《勇敢的翅膀》向当下观众传递敢为梦想拼搏担当、敢为使命奉献牺牲的军旅精神和中国军人积极进取、牺牲奉献的精神风貌,展现出军旅题材电视剧的强劲生命力,为今后军旅题材电视剧的创作提供了有益的思考。
《光明日报》( 2023年01月11日 15版)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)